Bufalin reverses acquired drug resistance by inhibiting stemness in colorectal cancer cells

Drug resistance is an obstacle to chemotherapy in tumor patients. Recent studies have shown that the high stemness of cancer cells may be induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, which is correlated with drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of bufalin on the stemness of colorectal cancer. We found that cisplatin could induce high stemness through the tumorsphere formation assay in vitro and in vivo in the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and LoVo. In addition, cisplatin-treated tumorsphere cells showed drug‑resistant properties. These results suggested that acquired drug resistance induced by cisplatin in colorectal cancer cells occurred via high stemness. On assessing the effects of bufalin, a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, we found that it could reverse the high stemness and drug resistance induced by cisplatin in colorectal cancer. These findings suggest that bufalin plays an adjuvant role in colorectal cancer chemotherapy and may help reverse acquired drug resistance. These findings may aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies.